กิตติกรรมประกาศ
เราขอขอบคุณผู้ร่วมงานและมิตรสหายทั้งเก่าและใหม่ ผู้ให้เกียรติร่วมจัด ทำสมุดปกขาวเล่มนี้ ซึ่งเราซาบซึ้งในความร่วมมือและการตระหนักในความเท่าเทียมอย่างแท้จริงของ ประชาชนไทย
Amsterdam และ Peroff LLP
กรกฎาคม 2553
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2. [2] ICCPR ข้อ 14 วรรค 3(จ)
3. [3]“Deaths Probe ‘Won’t Cast Blame’,” Bangkok Post, 12 มิถุนายน 2553 http://www.bangkokpost.com/news/local/38619/deaths-probe-won-t-cast-blame
4. [4] Pinai Nanakorn, “Re-Making of the Constitution in Thailand,” Singapore Journal of International & Comparative Law, 6(2002): 90-115, p. 93.
5. [5] เพิ่งอ้าง, หน้า 107-09.
6. [6] รัฐธรรมนูญแห่งราชอาณาจักรไทย พ.ศ. 2540 (จากนี้เรียก รัฐธรรมนูญฉบับ 2540), ข้อ 63
7. [7] เพิ่งอ้าง, ข้อ 313.
8. [8] Pansak Vinyaratn, 21st Century Thailand, Facing the Challenge, Economic Policy & Strategy (Hong Kong: CLSA Books, 2004), p. 1.
9. [9] Chaturon Chaisang, Thai Democracy In Crisis: 27 Truths (Bangkok: A.R. Information & Publication Co. Ltd., 2009), p.37.
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11. [11] Kevin Hewinson, “Thailand: Class Matters,” in East Asian Capitalism: Conflicts, Growth and Crisis, Annali della Fondazione Giangiacomo Feltrinelli, no. XXXVI, ed. L. Tomba (Milan: Feltrinelli, 2002), 287-321.
12. [12] Pasuk Phongpaichit and Chris Baker, Thailand’s Boom and Bust (Chiang Mai: Silkworm, 1998), Ch. 12.
13. [13] Chaturon, อ้างแล้ว, fn. 12, p.17.
14. [14] เพิ่งอ้าง, หน้า 3.
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17. [17]ดู Cynthia Pornavalai, “Thailand: Thai Asset Management Corporation,” Mondaq Banking and Financial, March 6, 2002. http://www.mondaq.com/article.asp?articleid=15878
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21. [21] เพิ่งอ้าง, หน้า 176-184.
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24. [24] Pasuk and Baker, op. cit., fn. 23, p. 183.
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27. [27] Oliver Pye and Wolfram Schaffar, “The 2006 Anti-Thaksin Movement in Thailand: An Analysis,” Journal of Contemporary Asia, 38(2008): pp. 38-61.
28. [28] Simon Montlake, “Election Further Clouds Thai Leader’s Future,” The Christian Science Monitor, April 4, 2006. http://www.csmonitor.com/2006/0404/p06s02-woap.html
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32. [32] ดูกำหนดการได้ในเวปไซท์ของพลเอกเปรมเอง ที่ http://www.generalprem.com/news.html.
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34. [34] Prem Tinsulanonda, “A Special Lecture to CRMA Cadets at Chulachomklao Royal Military Academy,” July 14, 2006. http://www.crma.ac.th/speech/speech.html
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36. [36] Announcement on the Appointment of the Leader of the Council for Democratic Reform, dated September 20, 2006, http://www.mfa.go.th/web/2455.php?id=740.
37. [37] อ้างแล้ว.
38. [38] “Thaksin Refuses to Resign Despite Protests in Bangkok,” International Herald Tribune, March 6, 2006. http://www.iht.com/articles/2006/03/06/news/thai/php.
39. [39] Chang Noi, “The Persistent Myth of the `Good’ Coup,” The Nation, October 2, 2006. http://www.nationmultimedia.com/2006/10/02/opinion/opinion_30015127.php
40. [40] Announcement by the Council for Democratic Reform No. 11: Appointment of Key Members of the Council for Democratic Reform, dated September 20, 2006, http://www.mfa.go.th/web/2455.php?id=740.
41. [41]Announcement by the Council for Democratic Reform No. 1, dated September 19, 2006, http://www.mfa.go.th/web/2455.php?id=740.
42. [42] Announcement by the Council for Democratic Reform No. 2: Prohibition on the Movement of Military and Police Forces, dated September 19, 2006, http://www.mfa.go.th/web/2455.php?id=740.
43. [43] Announcement by the Council for Democratic Reform No. 4: Executive Power, dated September 19, 2006, http://www.mfa.go.th/web/2455.php?id=740.
44. [44] Announcement by the Council for Democratic Reform No. 16: Leader of the Council for Democratic Reform to act for the National Assembly, the House of Representatives and the Senate, dated September 21, 2006, http://www.mfa.go.th/web/2455.php?id=740
45. [45] เพิ่งอ้าง.
46. [46] Announcement by the Council for Democratic Reform No. 3, dated September 19, 2006, http://www.mfa.go.th/web/2455.php?id=740.
47. [47] http://www.msnbc.msn.com/id/14916631/
48. [48] Pinai, op. cit., fn. 5, p. 109.
49. [49] Announcement by the Council for Democratic Reform No. 13: Selected Organic Laws shall continue to be in effect, dated September 20, 2006, http://www.mfa.go.th/web/2455.php?id=740.
50. [50] Announcement by the Council for Democratic Reform No. 32: Authority and Duties of the Election Commission regarding Local Administrative Council Members and Local Administrator Elections, dated September 30, 2006, http://www.mfa.go.th/web/2455.php?id=740.
51. [51] Announcement by the Council for Democratic Reform No. 7: Ban on Political Gatherings, dated September 20, 2006, http://www.mfa.go.th/web/2455.php?id=740.
52. [52] Announcement by the Council for Democratic Reform No. 15: Ban on Meetings and other Political Activities by Political Parties, dated September 21, 2006, http://www.mfa.go.th/web/2455.php?id=740.
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54. [54] An unofficial translation of the Interim Constitution is available at http://www.nationmultimedia.com/2006/10/02/headlines/headlines_30015101.php.
55. [55] Interim Constitution dated October 1, 2006, at Art. 36.
56. [56] Interim Constitution dated October 1, 2006, at Art. 37.
57. [57] Interim Constitution dated October 1, 2006, at Art. 5.
58. [58] Interim Constitution dated October 1, 2006, at Art. 20.
59. [59] Interim Constitution dated October 1, 2006, at Art. 22.
60. [60] Interim Constitution dated October 1, 2006, at Art. 23.
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66. [66] อ้างแล้ว.
67. [67] Asian Human Rights Commission, “THAILAND: A Long Road Back to Human Rights and the Rule of Law,” August 20, 2007. http://www.ahrchk.net/statements/mainfile.php/2006statements/1156/.
68. [68] รัฐธรรมนูญ 2550, มาตรา 95-98.
69. [69] รัฐธรรมนูญ 2550, มาตรา 111-112.
70. [70] McCargo, op. cit., fn. 66, p. 337.
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ดู เพิ่ม “Thailand’s Struggle for Constitutional Survival,” Article 2 of the International Covenant on Civil and Political Rights (Special Edition), 6(2007), น.4.
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83. [83] Federico Ferrara, Thailand Unhinged: Unraveling the Myth of a Thai-Style Democracy (Singapore: Equinox Publishing, 2010), p. 87.
84. [84] Richard Bernstein, “The Failure of Thailand’s Democracy,” New York Times, May 25, 2010. http://www.nytimes.com/2010/05/26/world/asia/26iht-letter.html
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88. [88] “Abhisit vs. Abhisit,” Prachatai, April 23, 2010. www.prachatai.com/english/node/1760
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94. [94] “Democrat Govt a Shotgun Wedding?,” The Nation, December 10, 2008. http://www.nationmultimedia.com/search/read.php?newsid=30090626
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96. [96] “PAD Names Somsak as Party Head,” Bangkok Post, June 2, 2009. http://www.bangkokpost.com/news/politics/144914/pad-names-new-political-party
97. [97] “สนธิ” สาวไส้เน่า ตร.“เทพประทาน” ตัวทำลาย-แนะ รบ.คืนพระราชอำนาจ, ASTV-Manager, May 28, 2010. http://www.manager.co.th/Politics/ViewNews.aspx?NewsID=9530000073858
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99. [99] “Thai Troops ‘Cross into Cambodia’,” BBC News, July 15, 2008. http://news.bbc.co.uk/1/hi/world/asia-pacific/7506872.stm
100. [100] Apinya Wipatayotin, “The Real Victim at Preah Vihar,” Bangkok Post, July 20, 2008. http://www.bangkokpost.com/200708_News/20Jul2008_news002.php
101. [101] May Adadol Ingawanij, “The Speech that Wasn’t Televised,” New Mandala, April 27, 2010. http://asiapacific.anu.edu.au/newmandala/2010/04/27/the-speech-that-wasn’t-televised/
102. [102] Marwaan Macan-Markar, “Thailand: Lese Majeste Cases Rise but Public in the Dark,” Inter Press Service, May 14, 2010. http://ipsnews.net/login.asp?redir=news.asp?idnews=51434
103. [103] “Corrections Dept Asked to Explain Da Torpedo’s Solitary Confinement,” Prachatai, September 14, 2552. http://www.prachatai.org/english/node/1400
104. [104] “50,000 Websites Shut Down, MICT Inspector Says,” Prachatai, May 7, 2553. http://www.prachatai.org/english/node/1795
105. [105] “EDITORIAL: Criminals or Scapegoats?,” Bangkok Post, November 3, 2009. http://www.bangkokpost.com/opinion/opinion/26746/criminals-or-scapegoats
106. [106] Committee to Protect Journalists, “Attacks on the Press 2009: Thailand,” February 2010. http://cpj.org/2010/02/attacks-on-the-press-2009-thailand.php
107. [107] Reporters Without Borders, “Government Uses State of Emergency to Escalate Censorship,” April 8, 2009. http://en.rsf.org/thailand-government-uses-state-of-emergency-08-04-2010,36968.html
108. [108] Human Rights Watch, “Thailand: Serious Backsliding on Human Rights,” January 20, 2010. http://www.hrw.org/en/news/2010/01/20/thailand-serious-backsliding-human-rights
109. [109] “MICT to Curb Violations of Computer Act,” National News Bureau of Thailand Public Relations Department, June 15, 2010. http://thainews.prd.go.th/en/news.php?id=255306150051
110. [110] “Thailand Sets Up Unit to Tackle Websites Insulting Royals,” Agence France Press, June 15, 2010.
111. [111] นายกฯ เปิดโครงการ 'ลูกเสือบนเครือข่ายอินเตอร์เน็ต' (Cyber Scout), Prachatai, July 1, 2010.
112. [112] “Russian Maestro Leaves Thailand for Moscow,” Bangkok Post, July 8, 2010. http://www.bangkokpost.com/news/crimes/185701/russian-maestro-leaves-thailand-for-moscow
113. [113] “DSI Sets Up Large Lese Majeste Force,” The Nation, July 9, 2010. http://www.nationmultimedia.com/home/2010/07/09/politics/DSI-sets-up-large-lese-majeste-force-30133403.html
114. [114] รองอธิบดีดีเอสไอยอมรับมี "การเมือง" แทรกแซงถูกใช้เป็นเครื่องมือเผยอยากให้องค์กรเป็นอิสระเหมือน ป.ป.ช., Matichon, 12 July 2010.
115. [115] “No Death Inflicted by Crowd Control during Songkran Mayhem,” The Nation, September 11, 2009. http://www.nationmultimedia.com/2009/09/11/politics/politics_30112037.php
116. [116] “2 Bodies of UDD Supporters Found in Chao Phraya River,” National New Bureau of Thailand Public Relations Department, April 15, 2009. http://thainews.prd.go.th/en/news.php?id=255204160028
117. [117] Human Rights Watch, op. อ้างแล้ว, fn. 140.
118. [118] สุเทพได้รับการแต่งตั้ง โดยเขาได้ลาออกจากตำแหน่งสมาชิกสภาผู้แทนราษฎร ตั้งแต่ปี 2552 หลังจากมีข่าวอื้อฉาวเรื่องการทุจริตเรื่องที่ดิน ดู “Suthep Resigns as MP,” Bangkok Post, July 17, 2010. http://www.bangkokpost.com/news/politics/149293/suthep-resigns-as-mp
119. [119]เส ธ.แดงถูกยิงที่ศีรษะต่อหน้าโทมัส ฟูลเลอร์ แห่งนิวยอร์คไทมส์ ดู Thomas Fuller and Seth Mydans, “Thai General Shot; Army Moves to Face Protesters, New York Times, May 13, 2010. http://www.nytimes.com/2010/05/14/world/asia/14thai.html
120. [120] “Bangkok Gears Up for Protest Siege,” Associated Press, May 13, 2010. http://asiancorrespondent.com/breakingnews/bangkok-gears-up-for-protest-siege.htm
121. [121] “Khattiya Sawatdiphol (Seh Daeng),“ New York Times, May 17, 2010. http://topics.nytimes.com/top/reference/timestopics/people/k/khattiya_sawatdiphol/index.html
122. [122] Nick Nostitz, “Nick Nostitz in the Killing Zone,” New Mandala, May 16, 2010. http://asiapacific.anu.edu.au/newmandala/2010/05/16/nick-nostitz-in-the-killing-zone/
สำหรับ ความคืบหน้าชะตากรรมของผู้ชุมนุมเสื้อแดงในรายงาน ดู “Daughter of a Slain Red Shirt Hears Story of Father from Nick Nostitz,” Prachatai, June 21, 2010. http://www.prachatai.com/english/node/1899
123. [123] “3 Injured as Van Trying to Clash through Security Checkpoint at Makkasan,” The Nation, May 15, 2010. http://www.nationmultimedia.com/home/3-injured-as-van-trying-to-clash-through-security--30129399.html
124. [124] Jack Picone, “'Is it OK to Shoot Foreigners and Journalists?',” Sydney Morning Herald, May 22, 2010. http://www.smh.com.au/world/is-it-ok-to-shoot-foreigners-and-journalists-20100521-w1ur.html
125. [125] “Medics Banned from Entering 'Red Zones',” The Nation, May 16, 2010. http://www.nationmultimedia.com/home/2010/05/16/national/Medics-banned-from-entering-red-zones-30129456.html
126. [126] Bill Schiller, “Why Did So Many Civilians Die in Bangkok Violence?,” The Star, May 23, 2010. http://www.thestar.com/news/world/article/813547--why-did-so-many-civilians-die-in-bangkok-violence
127. [127] วันที่ 18 พ.ค. หนึ่งวันก่อนการใช้ความรุนแรงในการสลายการชุมนุมครั้งสุดท้าย ส.ว.กลุ่มหนึ่งได้รับการตอบรับจากคนเสื้อแดง ในการเป็นตัวกลางไกล่เกลี่ยครั้งสุดท้าย แต่รัฐบาลปฎิเสธ นำไปสู่การโจมตีแบบนองเลือดในเช้าวันต่อมา
128. [128] Andrew Buncombe, “Eyewitness: Under Fire in Thailand,” The Independent, May 20, 2010. http://www.independent.co.uk/news/world/asia/eyewitness-under-fire-in-thailand-1977647.html
See also: Bangkok Pundit (pseud.), “What Happened at Wat Pathum Wanaram?,” Bangkok Pundit, May 31, 2010. http://asiancorrespondent.com/bangkok-pundit-blog/what-happened-at-wat-pathum-wanaram
129. [129] “Anupong: Soldiers Not Involved in Temple Killings,” Bangkok Post, June 3, 2010. http://www.bangkokpost.com/news/local/179998/anupong-soldiers-not-involved-in-killing-at-temple/page-2/
130. [130] General Comment 6, par. 3, April 30, 1982.
131. [131] United Nations Basic Principles on the Use of Force and Fire Arms by Law Enforcement Officials of 1990.
132. [132] Ibid., Principles 3, 5.
133. [133] Ibid., Principles 12-14 (emphasis added).
134. [134] Internal Security Act, B.E. 2551 (2008), s. 3.
135. [135] Ibid., s. 3.
136. [136] For a brief account of ISOC’s disturbing human rights record, see Paul Busbarat, “Thailand, International Human Rights and ISOC,” New Mandala, January 27, 2009. http://asiapacific.anu.edu.au/newmandala/2009/01/27/thailand-international-human-rights-and-isoc/
137. [137] Ibid., ss. 4-5.
138. [138] Ibid., s. 5.
139. [139] Ibid., s. 18.
140. [140] Announcement of the Centre for the Resolution of the Emergency Situation Re: Prohibition of Assembly or Gathering to Conspire, April 8 B.E. 2553 (2010).
141. [141] Regulation pursuant to Section 9 of the Emergency Decree on Public Administration on Emergency Situation, B.E. 2548 (2005).
142. [142] Announcement pursuant to Section 9 of the Emergency Decree on Public Administration on Emergency, Situation B.E. 2548 (2005).
143. [143] A translation of the Computer Crimes Act B.E. 2550 (2007) is available at http://www.iclrc.org/thailand_laws/thailand_cc.pdf.
144. [144] Computer Crime Act, Sections 3 (defining “Computer Data” to include “statements”) and 20.
145. [145] Statement by the Asian Human Rights Commission, “THAILAND: Censorship and Policing Public Morality,” April 9, 2010, http://www.ahrchk.net/statements/mainfile.php/2010statements/2498/.
146. [146] “Thailand Government Shuts Down Protesters’ TV Station,” The Guardian, April 8, 2010, http://www.guardian.co.uk/world/2010/apr/08/thailand-bangkok-protests
147. [147] “Thai Protesters Demand Government Reopen TV Station,” CNN World, April 8, 2010, http://www.cnn.com/2010/WORLD/asiapcf/04/08/thailand.protests/index.html.
148. [148] “Govt Claims Plot Targets King,” Bangkok Post, April 27, 2010. http://www.bangkokpost.com/news/local/175917/govt-claims-plot-targets-king
149. [149] International Crisis Group, “Bridging Thailand’s Deep Divide,” ICG Asia Report 192, July 5, 2010, p. 18. http://www.crisisgroup.org/~/media/Files/asia/south-east-asia/thailand/192_Bridging%20Thailands%20Deep%20Divide.ashx
150. [150] “Ex-policeman Held in RPG Case,” The Nation, May 1, 2010. http://www.nationmultimedia.com/home/2010/05/01/national/Ex-policeman-held-in-RPG-case-30128366.html
151. [151] Avudh Panananda, “Anti-Riot Squad Cut Up by Soldiers in Black,” The Nation, April 13, 2010. http://www.nationmultimedia.com/home/2010/04/13/politics/Anti-riot-squad-cut-up-by-soldiers-in-black-30127131.html
152. [152] Avudh Panananda, “Is Prayuth the Best Choice amid Signs of Army Rivalry?,” The Nation, June 8, 2010. http://www.nationmultimedia.com/home/2010/06/08/politics/Is-Prayuth-the-best-choice-amid-signs-of-Army-riva-30131079.html
See also International Crisis Group, op. cit., fn. 133, p. 10. http://www.crisisgroup.org/~/media/Files/asia/south-east-asia/thailand/192_Bridging%20Thailands%20Deep%20Divide.ashx
153. [153] คนเลวบึ้มเอ็ม79บีทีเอสศาลาแดงเจ็บ75ดับ1-พยานอ้างยิงจาก รพ.จุฬาฯ, ASTV-Manager, April 23, 2010. http://www.manager.co.th/Crime/ViewNews.aspx?NewsID=9530000055677
154. [154] “More Red Arsenal on Show,” The Straits Times, May 23, 2010. http://www.straitstimes.com/BreakingNews/SEAsia/Story/STIStory_530261.html
155. [155] Jocelyn Gecker, “Thai Troops Open Fire on Red Shirt Protesters in Bangkok,” Associated Press, May 20, 2010. http://www.adelaidenow.com.au/thai-troops-open-fire-on-red-shirt-protesters-in-bangkok/story-e6frea6u-1225868598260
156. [156] Tan Lian Choo, “Clashes Provoked by Group Bent on Revolt: Suchinda,” The Straits Times, May 20, 1992..
157. [157] “‘Drastic Action’ to Quell Protest,” Bangkok Post, May 18, 1992.
158. [158] “Shootings Were in Self-Defence, Says Spokesman,” The Nation, May 20, 1992.
159. [159] Thongchai Winichakul, “Remembering/Silencing the Traumatic Past: The Ambivalence Narratives of the October 6, 1976 Massacre in Bangkok,” in Cultural Crisis and Social Memory: Modernity and Identity in Thailand and Laos, eds.Charles F. Keyes and Shigeharu Tanabe (London: Routledge/Curzon, 2002), 243-283.
160. [160] Edward M. Wise, “Aut Dedere Aut Judicare: The Duty to Prosecute or Extradite,” in International Criminal Law, 2nd Edition, ed. M. Cherif Bassiouni (New York: Transnational Publishers, 1998), pp. 18-19.
161. [161] ดูICCPR ข้อ (6)(1) ประกันการคุ้มครองจากการฆ่าตามอำเภอใจ ประเทศไทยเข้าเป็นภาคี ICCPR เมื่อวันที่ 29 ตุลาคม 2539
162. [162] ความเห็นทั่วไปของคณะกรรมาธิการสิทธิมนุษยชนแห่งสหประชาชาติ ลำดับที่ 13, ลักษณะของพันธกรณีตามกฎหมายทั่วไปที่มีต่อรัฐภาคีของกติกาฯ, ออกเมื่อวันที่ 29 มีนาคม 2547 (ความเห็นลำดับที่ 31), ย่อหน้า 8 (ตัวเน้นเป็นของผู้เขียน)
163. [163] ความเห็นลำดับที่ 31, ย่อหน้า 15 (ตัวเน้นเป็นของผู้เขียน)
164. [164] ความเห็นลำดับที่ 31, ย่อหน้า 18 (ตัวเน้นเป็นของผู้เขียน)
165. [165] ICCPR, ข้อ (6)(1)
166. [166] ICCPR, ข้อ 7
167. [167] ICCPR, ข้อ 9 (1)
168. [168] UNGA Res. 63/182, 16 March 2009, pars. 1-3.
169. [169] เพิ่งอ้าง, ย่อหน้า 3.
170. [170] เพิ่งอ้าง, ย่อหน้า 6(b).
171. [171] เพิ่งอ้าง, ย่อหน้า 6(b).
172. [172]รายงาน ของผู้รายงานพิเศษแห่งสหประชาชาติว่าด้วยการวิสามัญฆาตกรรม การสังหารอย่างรวบรัดตัดตอนหรือตามอำเภอใจ, UN Doc. E/CN.4/2005/7, 22 ธันวาคม 2547, ย่อหน้า 6.
173. [173] รายงานของผู้รายงานพิเศษแห่งสหประชาชาติว่าด้วยการวิสามัญฆาตกรรม การสังหารอย่างรวบรัดตัดตอนหรือตามอำเภอใจ, UN Doc. A/HRC/14/24, 20 พฤษภาคม 2553, ย่อหน้า 34 (ตัวเน้นเป็นของผู้เขียน).
174. [174] เพิ่งอ้าง, ย่อหน้า 35.
175. [175] เพิ่งอ้าง.
176. [176] เพิ่งอ้าง, ย่อหน้า 34.
177. [177] ดู Prosecutor v. Tadic, คดีหมายเลข IT-94-1-T, ความเห็นและคำตัดสินเมื่อวันที่ 7 พฤษภาคม 2540 (องค์คณะตุลาการ), ¶ 710 (องค์ประกอบของอาชญากรรมรวมถึง “สิ่งที่เป็นทางกายภาพ เศรษฐกิจ หรือทางตุลาการ ที่ละเมิดสิทธิของปัจเจกบุคคลในการมีสิทธิพื้นฐานของตนอย่างเท่าเทียม เป็นต้น)”) (ตัวเน้นที่สองเป็นของผู้เขียน).
178. [178]Kupreškić, ¶ 621.
179. [179] เพิ่งอ้าง, ¶ 636.
180. [180] เพิ่งอ้าง, ¶¶ 630-31.
181. [181] เพิ่งอ้าง, ¶ 619, n. 897.
182. [182] เพิ่งอ้าง, ¶¶ 611-12.
183. [183] เพิ่งอ้าง, ¶¶ 630-31.
184. [184] กฎบัตรของคณะตุลาการทหารระหว่างประเทศ (TheCharter of the International Military Tribunal), ข้อ 6 (ค), บัญญัติว่าอาชญากรรมต่อมนุษยชาติคือ “การฆาตกรรม การทำให้สิ้นชีวิต การทำให้เป็นทาส การเนรเทศ และการกระทำที่ไร้มนุษยธรรมอื่นๆ ที่กระทำต่อประชากรพลเรือน ... โดยกฎหมายหรือโดยสืบเนื่องกับอาชญากรรมใดๆ ภายใต้ขอบเขตอำนาจพิจารณาความของคณะตุลาการนี้” (ตัวเน้นเป็นของผู้เขียน).
185. [185] ธรรมนูญกรุงโรมฯ, ข้อ 7(1).
186. [186] ธรรมนูญกรุงโรมฯ, ข้อ 7(1), 7(2)(ก).
187. [187] “Pre-Trial Chamber II,” Situation in the Republic of Kenya, ICC-01/09-19, para. 81.
188. [188] เพิ่งอ้าง, ย่อหน้า 82.
189. [189] เพิ่งอ้าง, ย่อหน้า 94-96.
190. [190] เพิ่งอ้าง, ย่อหน้า 84 (ตัวเน้นเป็นของผู้เขียน), อ้างถึงPre-Trial Chamber I, Decision on the confirmation of charges, ICC-01/04-01/07-717, ย่อหน้า 396.
191. [191]ICTY, Prosecutor v. Blaskic, คดีหมายเลข IT-95-14-T, คำพิพากษาเมื่อวันที่ 3 มีนาคม 2543, ย่อหน้า 204.
192. [192] Antonio Cassese, International Criminal Law, Second Edition (Oxford: Oxford University Press, 2008), pp. 98-99.
193. [193] ดู Pre-Trial Chamber II, Situation in the Republic of Kenya, ICC-01/09-19, para. 89, อ้างถึงICTY, Prosecutor v. Blaskic,คดีหมายเลข IT-95-14-T, คำพิพากษาเมื่อวันที่ 3 มีนาคม 2543, ย่อหน้า 205.
194. [194] Reporters Without Borders, “Thailand: Licence to Kill,” July 2010. http://en.rsf.org/IMG/pdf/REPORT_RSF_THAILAND_Eng.pdf
195. [195] Prosecutor v. Akayesu, ICTR TC, 2 September 1998, Case No. ICTR-96-4-T, at589-590; ดูเพิ่มเติม Cassese, o.c., p. 109.
196. [196] Prosecutor v. Blaskic, ICTY TC, 3 March 2000, Case No. IT-95-14-T, at 247, 251.
197. [197] Prosecutor v. Kunarac and others, ICTY TC, 22 February 2001, Case No. IT-96-23-T, at 434.
198. [198] "บรรหาร-เนวิน" ขวางพรรคร่วมถอนตัว คาด "อภิสิทธิ์" ลาออกหลังลุยม็อบแดงจบ อาจยืดเยื้ออีก 1 สัปดาห์,” Matichon, May 17, 2010. http://www.matichon.co.th/news_detail.php?newsid=1274104360&catid=01
199. [199] "จตุพร"ปูดทหารแตงโมแฉแผน"อนุพงษ์" สั่ง9ข้อ4ขั้นจัดการแดงให้จบใน 7 วัน ห้ามพลาด อ้างสูญเสีย500ก็ยอม, Matichon, April 20, 2010. http://www.matichon.co.th/news_detail.php?newsid=1271686129&grpid=10&catid=01
200. [200] “Sansern: 500 Terrorists Infiltrating Reds,” Bangkok Post, May 14, 2010. http://www.bangkokpost.com/breakingnews/177896/500-terrorists-blending-with-reds-sansern
201. [201] Pokpong Lawansiri, “Thai Fact-Finding Committee Falls Short,” The Irrawaddy, June 28, 2010. http://www.irrawaddy.org/opinion_story.php?art_id=18817&page=2
202. [202] “Kanit Soon to Pass on List of Independent Committee to PM,” National New Bureau of Thailand Public Relations Department, June 28, 2010. http://thainews.prd.go.th/en/news.php?id=255306280033
203. [203] Atiya Achakulwisut, “Reconciliation Will Have Its Price,” Bangkok Post, June 15, 2010. http://www.bangkokpost.com/opinion/opinion/38778/reconciliation-will-have-its-price
204. [204] Achara Ashayagachat, “Mixed Reactions to Kanit Panel,” Bangkok Post, July 8, 2010. http://www.bangkokpost.com/news/politics/185193/mixed-reactions-on-kanit-panel
205. [205] Nirmal Ghosh, “Ex-PM, Scholar to Mediate in Thailand,” The Straits Times, June 19, 2010. http://www.asianewsnet.net/news.php?id=12601&sec=1
206. [206] Somchai Phatharathananunth, Civil Society and Democratization (Copenhagen: NIAS Press, 2006).
207. [207] For an overview, see Bangkok Pundit (pseud.), “Thailand: Road Map for Reconciliation UPDATE,” Bangkok Pundit, June 22, 2010. http://us.asiancorrespondent.com/bangkok-pundit-blog/road-map-for-reconciliation
208. [208] Wannapa Khaopa, “Pornthip Named Most Trustworthy Person in the Country,” The Nation, February 26, 2010. http://www.nationmultimedia.com/home/2010/02/26/national/Pornthip-named-most-trustworthy-person-in-the-coun-30123440.html
209. [209] “Police: Residual C4 Chemical Found on Oct 7 Victim,” National New Bureau of Thailand Public Relations Department, February 25, 2009. http://thainews.prd.go.th/en/news.php?id=255202250025
210. [210] Piyanuch Thamnukasetchai, “No Explosive Residue: Pornthip,” The Nation, October 11, 2008. http://www.nationmultimedia.com/2008/10/11/national/national_30085759.php
211. [211] “Explosives Expert Tests 'Black Box' of 'Bomb Detector',” BBC News, January 27, 2010. http://news.bbc.co.uk/2/hi/programmes/newsnight/8483200.stm
212. [212] Simon de Bruxelles, “Head of ATSC 'Bomb Detector' Company Arrested on Suspicion of Fraud,” The Times, January 22, 2010. http://www.timesonline.co.uk/tol/news/uk/article6997859.ece
213. [213] Michael Peel and Sylvia Pfeifer, “Police Conduct Raids in Bomb Detector Probe,” Financial Times, June 8, 2010. http://www.ft.com/cms/s/0/ba30e518-72f5-11df-9161-00144feabdc0.html
214. [214] Supalak Ganjanakhundee, “Money Wasted on So-Called Bomb Detectors,” The Nation, January 29, 2010. http://www.nationmultimedia.com/search/read.php?newsid=30121417&keyword=gt200
215. [215] Bangkok Pundit (pseud.), “How Did Dr. Pornthip Detect Explosive Residue on the Rohingya Boat?,” Bangkok Pundit, February 10, 2010. http://us.asiancorrespondent.com/bangkok-pundit-blog/so-how-did-dr.-pornthip-detect-the-explosive-residue-on-the-rohingya-boat
216. [216] “Porntip Takes Chula Flak over Grenade Attack Theory,” Bangkok Post, June 5, 2010. http://www.bangkokpost.com/news/politics/36864/porntip-takes-chula-flak-over-grenade-attack-theory
217. [217] “Porntip: Troop Killed in Don Muang Clash Not Killed by Friendly Fire,” The Nation, May 4, 2010. http://www.nationmultimedia.com/home/Porntip-Troop-killed-in-Don-Muang-clash-not-killed-30128559.html
218. [218] “Khunying Pornthip to Gather Evidence on Seh Daeng’s Assassination Attempt,” National New Bureau of Thailand Public Relations Department, May 14, 2010. http://thainews.prd.go.th/en/news.php?id=255305140044
219. [219] “Six Bodies Found in Safe-Zone Temple Show Signs of Execution,” National New Bureau of Thailand Public Relations Department, May 21, 2010. http://thainews.prd.go.th/en/news.php?id=255305210020
220. [220] Andrew Buncombe, “Eyewitness: Under Fire in Thailand,” The Independent, May 20, 2010. http://www.independent.co.uk/news/world/asia/eyewitness-under-fire-in-thailand-1977647.html
221. [221] “DSI to Deliberate 153 UDD Cases,” Bangkok Post, June 14, 2010. http://www.bangkokpost.com/breakingnews/181227/dsi-to-deliberate-on-153-udd-cases
222. [222] ICCPR, Article14, including sections3(b) and 3(e).
223. [223] ICCPR, Art. 14, Sec. 3(e).
224. [224] A copy of our letter to the Thai authorities can be downloaded here: http://robertamsterdam.com/thailand/wp-content/uploads/2010/06/Letter-to-Thai-Authorities-Demanding-Investigation-and-Access-to-Evidence-June-29-2010-_Final-Corrected__.pdf.
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